436 Index

Brownian diffusion 53, 100, 134,

137, 156, 252, 352, 359–​60,

389–​90, 392

Brownian dynamics see Langevin

dynamics

Budding yeast see saccharomyces

butanol 411

butterfly wings 286–​7, 412–​13

cadmium selenide 85

cadmium telluride 85

Caenorhabditis see flatworm

cAMP see cyclic adenosine

monophosphate

cancer 142, 144, 193, 400, 416, 418, 419,

426

carbon nanotubes 152, 240

carboxyl 27, 29, 41, 43, 84, 218, 251, 266,

425

CARS 153

cartilage 223, 380

Cauchy equation 91

caveolae 95

CCD 70, 72–​3, 90, 106, 130, 139, 150–​2,

155, 166, 170–​1, 177, 197, 215, 229, 433

cell membranes 3, 8, 10, 37, 48, 50, 75,

103, 106, 143, 165, 177, 193, 204, 224,

239, 246, 249, 275, 279–​80, 302, 338–​9,

418, 432

cell signaling 400

cell squeezing 275

cellular biophysics 395–​6

centrifugation 52, 206–​7, 221

CHARMM 334–​5

Chaste 381

chemical fixation 164, 169

chemical imaging see hyperspectral

imaging

chemical potential 42, 44, 51, 146, 233–​4,

246, 285, 352, 384, 423

chemical shift 182, 185–​7, 191, 195, 200

chemoattractants 397

chemorepellants 397

chemotaxis 78, 365–​6, 397–​400, 404–​5,

432

Chinese hamster ovary cells see immortal

cells

chlamydomonas 271

chloroplasts 19, 27, 41, 411, 423

chromatography 206, 208, 282, 296

Chung–​Kennedy filter 378–​9, 392

cilia 77–​8, 384

circular dichroism 66

Clausius–​Mossotti factor 252

CLEM 165, 168–​9

click chemistry 84, 268

clustered regularly interspaced short

palindromic repeat see CRISPR

CMOS 72–​3

coarse-​grained simulations 333, 381, 427

codons 40, 279, 412

coherence beating 423

coherence length 143–​4

coherent anti-​Stokes Raman scattering see

CARS

coherent Stokes Raman scattering see

CSRS

coherent x-​ray diffraction imaging see

CXDI

collagen 75, 143, 181, 223, 303, 308, 362,

420, 426

colocalization analysis 373

colorimetry 63

comparative biomechanics 380

computer-​assisted tomography see CT

condenser 73–​7, 179, 216

confocal microscopy 70, 90, 98–​9, 101,

108, 133, 135, 138, 142, 150, 420, 426

confocal theta microscopy 99, 143

confocal volume 6, 98–​101, 103, 108, 130,

133–​5, 138, 144, 156, 166, 213, 354–​5

conformational spreading 338–​9

connective tissue 49, 223, 239, 255, 272,

420

connectome 273

consciousness 424

contact mechanics 337

contact mode 235–​6, 242, 260

contrast reagent 163, 165–​7, 305–​6

convolution model 375–​6

Coomassie Blue 245

copy number 89, 117, 125, 242–​3, 296,

316, 355, 368, 374–​7, 379, 419

corner frequency 216, 218, 225

correlative light and electron microscopy

see CLEM

Coulomb forces 193

counter ions 331

CRISPR 277

critical angle 90–​1, 93–​7, 299

cryo-​EM 167–​9, 370, 409

cryoembedding 164

cryofixation 164, 167, 169

cryosubstitution 164

cryptochrome 425–​6

crystal resonator 254

crystallization 15, 198, 282–​4, 286, 299

CSRS 153

CT scan 303, 305, 308

CXDI 179–​80

cyclic adenosine monophosphate 397

cyclodextrin 249

cyclotron 173–​4, 193, 226–​7

cysteine mutagenesis 84, 267

cytoplasm 18, 21, 40, 44–​5, 53, 57, 68,

102–​8, 116–​17, 122, 124–​5, 135, 168,

280, 311, 353–​5, 364–​5, 381, 390–​1

cytoskeleton 19–​20, 143, 223, 239, 381

DAB 169

danio see zebrafish

dark field microscopy 73–​5, 362

dark noise 114–​15, 136

dark population 117

dark states 83, 86

death sensors 142

De Broglie relation 163, 171, 210

Debye–​Hückel approximation 331

Debye length 221, 321

Debye–​Scherrer method 176

deconvolution 137–​8

defocusing microscopy 73

deformable mirror 138–​9

degron 278, 412

delayed-​coincidence method 309

deletion mutant 276

dementia 186, 242, 416

dendritic fibers 198

density gradient 207

deoxyribose nucleic acid see DNA

depth of field 71–​2, 97–​8, 107, 124, 311,

375

depth of focus see depth of field

depth of penetration 68, 92, 97, 143, 197

deuterium 185, 198

dialysis 208, 282

diaminobenzidine see DAB

dichroic mirror 79–​81, 95–​6, 101, 107,

154, 156, 222, 287, 299, 433

dictyostelium 271, 397–​8

dielectric heating 303

dielectric spectroscopy see electrical

impedance spectroscopy

differential interference contrast 76

differential scanning calorimetry 302

diffraction before destruction 176

diffusion 10, 20, 21, 53, 67, 68, 95, 99–​100,

103–​5, 109, 117, 122, 131, 133–​5, 137,

147–​8, 154, 156, 181, 206–​8, 252, 258,

261, 275, 284, 286, 294, 300–​1, 316,

328–​9, 333, 344, 351–​4, 359–​3, 365–​9,

371, 374, 382, 388–​92, 406, 413, 432

DIG 268

digital holographic microscopy 77

digital micromirror array 215

digitalis 268

digoxigenin see DIG

dihedrals 320–​2

dipole moment 61, 66–​7, 88, 94, 121, 129,

151, 228–​9, 234, 252, 303

dipole orientation factor 129

directed diffusion 361

disequilibrium 353

DLS see dynamic light scattering

DNA 5–​7, 18–​19, 23, 26–​7, 29, 32–​41,

45–​8, 50–​1, 54–​6, 62, 83–​4, 87–​9, 100–​1,

108–​9, 117, 119, 130, 152, 155, 178,

192–​3, 210, 219–​22, 228, 230, 238–​9,

241, 245, 247–​9, 253, 256–​9, 261,

267–​72, 274–​7, 279, 282, 290, 295–​6,

298, 302, 308–​9, 311, 332, 335, 349,

386, 404, 406–​14, 418–​19, 428–​9,

432–​3

Doob–​Gillespie algorithm see Gillespie

algorithm

Doppler shift 148, 196